Persia to Iran
In 1935, the nation long known to the world as Persia proclaimed a dramatic change: from then on, it would be called Iran. The move was initiated by Reza Shah Pahlavi, who wanted to foster a new sense of unity and pride among the many peoples living within its borders. The name “Iran” translates to “Land of the Aryans,” a nod to the ancient roots of the country and its people. This decision also aimed to distance the nation from its colonial-era reputation and emphasize its independence and sovereignty. The League of Nations officially recognized the new name, marking a pivotal moment on the world stage. Today, Iran is celebrated for its ancient civilization, from Persepolis to Persian poetry, and its powerful influence in the Middle East. The name change is still seen as a proud declaration of national identity. It was a bold decision that continues to shape how Iranians see themselves and how the world sees Iran.
Ceylon to Sri Lanka
In 1972, the lush island nation of Ceylon took on a new name: Sri Lanka, which means “Resplendent Island” in Sanskrit. This change was a powerful statement of independence and cultural revival following centuries under Portuguese, Dutch, and British rule. Choosing Sri Lanka signified a return to the country’s roots and a new focus on indigenous heritage. The change was more than cosmetic; it coincided with a new constitution that centered the Sinhala language and Buddhist traditions in national life. The move was meant to unify the country’s diverse population—Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, and others—under a single banner. Sri Lanka is now widely known for its vibrant traditions, tea estates, and stunning natural beauty. The new name has become a source of immense pride for its people. The transformation from Ceylon to Sri Lanka marks a defining chapter in the island’s ongoing story.
Upper Volta to Burkina Faso
In 1984, Upper Volta emerged with a brand new identity as Burkina Faso, meaning “Land of Honest People.” This striking change was championed by President Thomas Sankara, a charismatic leader with revolutionary ambitions for his country. The new name was chosen to reflect integrity, dignity, and unity—values Sankara wanted to instill after years of colonial rule and political turmoil. “Burkina” comes from the Mossi language, and “Faso” from the Dioula language, reflecting the nation’s major ethnic groups. The change intended to foster togetherness among the country’s many communities and inspire a sense of pride. Today, Burkina Faso is recognized for its resilient spirit, vibrant arts, and rich traditions despite ongoing challenges. The renaming is now a lasting symbol of its quest for honesty and self-determination. It stands as one of Africa’s most inspiring stories of national rebranding.
The Gold Coast to Ghana
In 1957, the Gold Coast made history by becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain independence from colonial rule, and it boldly renamed itself Ghana. “Ghana” recalls the ancient West African empire famous for its wealth, power, and influence centuries earlier. This name was chosen to inspire pride and a sense of unity among the nation’s diverse peoples, and to signal a definitive break from its colonial past. The change was part of a larger movement sweeping across Africa, as countries asserted their identity and sovereignty. Ghana’s new name quickly became a symbol of hope and progress for the continent. The country is now renowned for its cocoa exports, colorful festivals, and stable democracy. The name Ghana resonates as a call to remember past greatness and to strive for a brighter future. The transition from Gold Coast to Ghana remains a pivotal moment in modern African history.
Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In 1997, after the fall of long-time ruler Mobutu Sese Seko, Zaire reclaimed its former name—the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This shift was an effort to restore dignity and reconnect with the country’s pre-dictatorship roots. The name “Democratic Republic of the Congo” reaches back to the mighty Congo River and the region’s ancient kingdoms. With over 200 ethnic groups, the DRC is one of Africa’s most culturally diverse countries, and the change was meant to reflect unity and new beginnings. The nation is rich in minerals including gold, diamonds, and cobalt, yet faces ongoing struggles with conflict and development. The name change signaled a new era and a desire for democracy, even as the nation continues to face complex challenges. Today, the DRC is known for its music, art, and determination to overcome adversity. The journey from Zaire to DRC is a testament to the Congolese people’s resilience.
Swaziland to Eswatini
In 2018, King Mswati III announced that Swaziland would become Eswatini, meaning “Land of the Swazis” in the local language. The timing was significant, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the country’s independence and the king’s 50th birthday. The change was intended to shed remnants of colonial influence and emphasize national pride and heritage. Eswatini is one of Africa’s few remaining monarchies, and the king’s decision was widely discussed both within the country and abroad. The new name reflects the nation’s commitment to preserving its rich traditions, from the vibrant Umhlanga reed dance to its colorful festivals. Many citizens welcomed the change as a way to honor their ancestors and assert their unique identity on the world stage. Eswatini is now known for its natural beauty and warm hospitality. The renaming marks a new chapter in the country’s story.
Holland to the Netherlands
Although the country has always officially been called the Netherlands, many people around the world still refer to it as Holland. This is actually inaccurate, as Holland only refers to two provinces: North Holland and South Holland. In recent years, the Dutch government has launched campaigns to promote the use of “the Netherlands” in tourism and international events. The distinction is important to avoid confusion and to represent the country’s full diversity. The Netherlands is world-famous for its windmills, tulips, cycling culture, and progressive social policies. The effort to clarify its name is part of a broader project to modernize the nation’s global image. Dutch citizens have embraced the campaign, proud of their collective identity. The ongoing debate about Holland versus the Netherlands shows how names can matter deeply—even when they don’t officially change.